The Mediterranean diet, rich in whole fruits, vegetables, grains, lean protein and olive oil, was recently found to be more beneficial than a low fat diet in controlling weight gain and type 2 diabetes , a recent study conducted at the Second University of Naples in Italy suggests.
According to a U.S. News & World Report article dated August 31, eating a Mediterranean diet prevented anti-hyperglycemic drug therapy in about one-third of the patients studied, said study author Dr. Dario Giugliano.
Over 200 type-2 diabetic sufferers were randomly divided into two groups for the study, which is now published in the September issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine, according to the report. Half were assigned a low-fat diet and half were assigned a Mediterranean diet.
The low-fat participants were restricted to 1,800 calories per day for males and 1,500 calories per day for females. They were not al lowed to eat more than 30-percent fat.
Those who were assigned the Mediterranean diet, were also restricted to the same amount of calories. The difference being that they were not allowed to eat more than 50-percent carbohydrates, although their fat-intake was not monitored.
After the four-year-study was completed, it was found that 26-percent less of those who participated in the Mediterranean diet had to take diabetes medication compared to those who adhered to the low fat diet.
Also, the study found that body-mass-index was down 1.2 points for the group that followed the Mediterranean diet, compared to only 0.9 to those who followed the low fat diet.
The difference could be in the olive oil.
“People feel more satisfied eating healthy fats,” certified dietician and nutritionist Mary Killian from Gainesville said.
It is important to note, however, that participants in both groups were restricted to the same caloric-intake.
“Most people who have diabetes are insulin-resistant,” Killian said. “Their bodies over-produce insulin when they take in too many carbohydrates.”
“The more insulin you produced, the hungrier you become, and you store more f at,” Killian said.
"Healthy fat can give you the benefit of keeping your glucose well-maintained for longer periods of time," said University of Florida nutritionist Liz Lagasse. “That is the name of the game in diabetes."
“Olive oil is primarily a mono-unsaturated fat,” Lagasse said. “Mono-unsaturated fat is heart-healthy, so it can actually clear out and balance fat that has been clogged in the arteries.”
“Extra-virgin olive oil is from the first pressing of the olive,” she said. “Olives are anti-oxidant rich and there is an even higher level of that in extra-virgin.”
“I don’t think it is genetic, that people from Italy will necessarily thrive better on an Italian diet,” Lagasse said, in response to the notion that conducting the study among Mediterranean people could have skewed the results.
“They may have felt more comfortable and more satisfied eating food that were more familiar.”
She did, however, concede that the fact the doctors knew which patients were on which diets could have brought out possible biases for the Mediterranean diet.
“There is not one magic food or activity that will prevent type 2 diabetes,” she said.
“A really great way to eat is by listening to your hunger cues,” she said. “When you do that, you eat before getting too hungry and your glucose dropping below normal.”
“When you get too hungry, then you have to get too full, creating a low-blood sugar, followed by a really high-blood sugar.”
“The way to avoid that is to eat something balanced nutritionally when you get hungry, which should be about every three or four hours.”
“The Mediterranean diet has complex carbohydrates; it has whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and has mono-unsaturated oil," she said. "It can keep you from getting too hungry and overall balance your glucose and prevent you from overeating."



